We should thus treat the ultimate limit a for the smallest measurable length as a yet unknown quantity. Heisenberg, who insisted on expressing quantum mechanical laws in terms of measurable observables, questioned already the validity of this postulate.

' The familiar concept of a ' space-time continuum ' implies that it should be possible to measure always smaller and smaller distances without any finite limit. Are continuous space and time? Or just are we convinced that continuity as a result of conditioning of education? In recent years physical and mathematical have questioned whether it is possible that space and time are discrete. However there is no experimental evidence of this. General relativity supposes that space-time is continuum. The photon is an atom of space-time, turning only in three-dimensional space. Two rotations, one in space and the other in the fourth dimension, suffice to obtain four different particles, two electrons and two positrons with spins ☑/2. Energy is the curvature of space, mass is due to rotation of the particle in four-dimensional space, while the charge is the time or period it takes to go around the fourth dimension. The hypothesis that both the Universe and particles possess four spatial dimensions, together with the quantification of space, allows us to apply the equations of classical macroscopic physics to elementary particles and obtain a four-dimensional spatial particle or atoms of space and time, from which they derive all other particles: electrons, photons, quarks, etc.

Finally, we also offer a brief history of the bad ideas which led to the current mess in physics. While developing the model, we also offer some reflections on the nature of the Uncertainty Principle. To show what an actual explanation might look like, we bring the Zitterbewegung electron model and our photon model together to provide a classical explanation of Compton scattering of photons by electrons so as to show what electron-photon interference might actually be: two electromagnetic oscillations interfering (classically) with each other. Modern quantum physicists effectively resemble econometrists modeling input-output relations: if they are lucky, they will get some kind of mathematical description of what goes in and what goes out, but the math does not tell them how stuff actually happens. In this paper, we try to show where and why quantum mechanics went wrong – and why and when the job of both the academic physicist as well as the would-be student of quantum mechanics turned into calculating rather than explaining what might or might not be happening.

Schrodinger equation derivation pdf